SWI information
We are pleased to share with you another initiative that could be of interest to Startups such as yours. Our engineering team alongwith our partners will conduct a fortnightly technology session on a topic of interest to startups. The inaugural  session is scheduled for 25th November at Divyasree Chambers in our Sun offices in Bangalore and the details are as below:

Technology Session on My SQL - High Availability Solutions

Where : Sun Microsystems Office , Divyasree Chambers , Bangalore
When : 3pm to 6pm on Wednesday , 25th November, 2009

Agenda

Welcome

3.15 PM - 4.15 PM  : Different High Availability Solutions in My SQL

4.30 PM - 5.30 PM : Scaling with My SQL

               + Challenges faced by end users to keep servers
                 performing at their best while being configured to be
                 highly available.
               + Sun technologies addressing the challenges
               + Brief overview of both MySQL & Sun availability options
               + How to  achieve end to end high availability without
                 compromising on performance and scalability.

5.30 -5.45 PM : Closing Remarks

There are only 30 seats available , if interested please send us email on isvsupport-AT-sun-DOT-com  with the following details:
Email Subject: Technology Session on My SQL - High Availability Solutions
Name of the participant :
Functional Area
E mail
Phone

Look forward to hearing back from you. Also would appreciate inputs on the technology topics that would interest you, so that we can plan subsequent technology sessions.
SiliconIndia Mobile Application Conference 09

India as a region that has had a higher penetration rate of mobile phones than the internet & this is certainly an area that is not only growing rapidly but has a dirth of socially impactful, easy to use consumer applications. The "me too" applications with a 100% reliance on ads has failed & continues to draw a lot of suspicion towards monetizing via advertisements. It was an interesting day kick started by Aravind Rao with a coverage of what & how startups & other mobile application developers in India can build & sell mobile applications. There is more coverage provided by Rajiv of WATBlog on Arvind Rao's talk here.

There was a lot covered about AppStores & their benefits to developers across all the discussions & talks. Appstores are certainly here to stay and are a quick application delivery & distribution channel for all developers.

Opinions - Its evident that the VAS opportunities in the country are huge. As ARPU declines, the challenge for operators is to increase revenues by differentiating their offerings and develop alternative revenue streams by offering more value added services to the existing subscribers & finding better means of consumer outreach., to stay in the game.

VAS is the way to go what with one 3G service launched & more looming. Content providers are key here to ensure that they have intelligent means to find out how to provide highly customized, relevant  & contextual content to the large & ever expanding consumer base. While UI design for mobile is important, the reality today is that more content delivered is SMS based & it needs to be provided in a manner so as to support low-end handsets as well. One of the speakers mentioned the ABCDs of most popular content in India as - Astrology, Bollywood, Cricket & Devotion ! This has been the case for the last several years & any associated content still has a large & highly interested consumer base even today. Further, social enterprises are still lacking in the region which is again a greenfield opportunity. With mobiles being ubiquitous as they are today, network services being enhanced by operators, the mobile is certainly the one quick delivery mechanism for app vendors. This is an area certainly worth exploring & investing in. I was surprised that the speakers didn't bring up too much of this aspect.

A very detailed on Mobile VAS in India is available here.

The issue happened while I install JavaES 5 update 1 on Solaris 10 x86 U8. 

While I install JavaES, I chose the following components, portal server, access manager,application server as the web container, directory server. The installation did not complete successfully, portal server configuration failed. 

I check the portal configuration log in the directory /var/opt/SUNWportal/logs/config, the file portal.fabirc.0.0.log, and there is error in it. It said that it can not start cacao.

Then I run the command, cacaoadmin status, the output said that following error: Cannot find property: [cacao.embedded ]

solution: install this patch :SunOS 5.9_x86 5.10_x86: Common Agent Container (cacao) runtime 2.2.3.1 upgrade patch 15

here is the link:

http://sunsolve.sun.com/search/document.do?assetkey=1-21-123896-15-1

and then start the cacao.

uninstall the portal server with the command:/var/sadm/prod/SUNWentsys5u1/uninstall

run the JavaES 5 U1 installer again to install portal server. 


27th, 28th October: 2000+ registrations on the event forum thus far. Guy Kawasaki on the agenda & loads of interesting sessions for technology product companies.

31st October: This full-day conference will explore the new opportunities that are emerging and ask the larger questions of the industry leaders within mobile, shedding some light on where the industry is headed and how entrepreneurs and developers can take advantage.

Mobile Apps Conference 2009, SiliconIndia

For as long as the Web has been in existence, engineers have been trying to make it run faster. The maturation of the Web has meant more users, more data to handle, more complexity and consequently longer waits on the web.  Improved performance has become one of the most important factors in determining  the overall usability and success of web application.

In this webinar learn how some very popular sites have used the Sun Java application stack to build high performance web applications. This session will specifically concentrate on :
1) Real life deployment examples
2) Java Web performance - A 30000 Ft view

Please register here:

Topic: Building high performance web applications
Date: Thursday, September 24, 2009
Time: 3:00 pm, India Standard Time (GMT +05:30, Bombay)

-------------------------------------------------------
To register for this meeting
-------------------------------------------------------
1. Go to the webex LINK
2. Register for the meeting.

Once the host approves your request, you will receive a confirmation email with instructions for joining the meeting.

Note: If you already registered for this meeting, you do not need to register again.

-------------------------------------------------------
To join the audio conference
-------------------------------------------------------

Since we had a whole bunch of technical glitches we've decided to try out Skype this time around & hope to have better quality.We will use Skype to Skype audio conferencing. If you are not already using Skype, you will have to download and register as a user. It is free. Please add the contact sun-isve-apac to your skype contacts list to participate.

The conference is limited to 24 participants hence, available on a first-come-first-served basis. Live chat available for all participants.

-------------------------------------------------------
For assistance
-------------------------------------------------------
Send email to isvsupport-AT-sun-DOT-com

The presentation will be followed by your chance to ask specific questions on how the Sun Java application stack fits into your overall strategy.
We hope to see you at the live event!

You also now have the opportunity to listen to more live & recorded sessions. They are available here.

Avinash gave us a lot of insight on this topic yesterday, thanks Avinash. Special thanks also to the folks to registered & managed to join us. We did have audio broadcast issues & will be fixing it for the subsequent sessions. You can find the content here.

Hosted environments have complex multi-tier applications deployed across multiple servers. You often have to delve deeply into these complex systems to troubleshoot systemic problems.This requires a lot of effort, system downtimes & penalizes end-users of these applications. In this webinar, learn how to Dynamically observe your application and its environment. Specifically, the session will focus on leveraging Solaris DTrace for:

    * Troubleshooting systemic problems in real-time
    * Building observability into applications for operational insights & performance gains

Please click the link below to see more information :
1. Go to this link
2. Register for the meeting.
3. Check for confirmation email with instructions on how to join

Date:     August 27, 2009
Time:     3.00 pm to 4.00 pm India Time

Also look out for are sessions on:
  • Building high performance web applications
  • Building scalable web applications
  • Building highly available web applications

Join us for this free webinar where our rock star, Angelo Rajadurai, will share tips and tricks for tuning your storage system for database workloads. Specifically, this webinar will address the following:

  • some of the performance issues we face today, and will provide some practical advice to easily incorporate these new technologies into your database storage tier
  • Sun's ZFS and Unified Storage platforms
  • practical steps for creating and tuning a hybrid storage solution that meets your data storage demands for a database workload

And you'll be able to ask lots of questions live to Angelo and other Sun experts! 

Date: Wednesday, August 26
Time: 8:00 am PDT / 11:00 pm EDT / 4:00 pm UK / 5:00 pm CEST / 8:30 pm India (New Delhi) (check my timezone)

Register Now

http://www.watblog.com/  showcases content on Web, Advertising and Technology front. They cover different aspects of the startup community India spanning the up & coming to the well established & successful ones. Sun Startup Essentials has now tied up with WATBlog for an initiative to provide a  weekly review of a startup in India. The first in these series is up at Saturday Startup Review: Ayojak – Your Event Manager.

medium for visibility but also for pondering on critique & suggestions from the rest of the community.I guess over time & as more folks start sharing comments & feedback on these startups, it should prove valuable to the startups not only as a good. If you are a startup in India & are interested in getting reviewed leave a comment or get in touch with us through the links provided above.

I just received an email from a leading multiplex chain - PVR Cinemas, in India that they've gone social on Facebook. This basically means that we can now check what movies are running, check with family/friends on facebook if we can go to the movies and perhaps pick a movie with a poll,  book tickets through their facebook application and send out the event invite on facebook itself, share reviews, watch trailers & what have you. I felt that it was way too cool. They've now also got their Orkut application up & running. Check it out here - http://apps.facebook.com/pvrcinemas/?q=home

In the course of interacting with several startups, one of the common threads of discussion has been around better utilization of computing resources. A typical web application scenario is really one where the company deploys the app on a single whitebox and continues to add boxes for different services, for the database tier or for different instances of the entire application stack as and when they require to scale. One of the most common solutions recommended or opted for by developers is to use some sort of a virtualization technology because one can manage resource allocation across environments, consolidate applications & workloads & also have more flexibility to develop-test-deploy across various environments.

And I know that in those conversations I've asked a lot of startups to consider Solaris as their OS platform. The highlighting feature in the context of consolidation & virtualization is the Solaris container technology or Zones as its also referred to.Hardware partitioning is a definitive solution but its expensive & often works well on high end systems. What Solaris does is to provide this feature as an inherent part of the operating system without cost, without performance overheads and with ease of configuration & management.

A more precise definition as listed on Sun's sites describes a Zone as a virtual operating system abstraction that provides a protected environment in which applications run. The applications are protected from each other to provide software fault isolation. To ease the labor of managing multiple applications and their environments, they co-exist within one operating system instance, and are usually managed as one entity. So what is a container then ? Well it simply is a zone which also uses the operating system's resource management facility is then called a container. The 2 terms are often used interchangeably.  What containers can do is to minimize the number of servers utilized.This naturally has a cascading effect  of minimizing space/power & cooling requirements and cost of course.

I recently ran into a large web enterprise partner who were looking to resolve the exact problem stated above & after having gone over some of the features that Solaris has to offer to solve, they decided to evaluate it. Here's one way to accomplish the task:

Solaris containers Solaris zones example visual

To learn more you can find a whole bunch of reference material on this link. If you are working for a software development organization that builds products interested in/already exploring the Solaris platform or its features and run into issues/have questions shoot us an email at isvsupport-AT-sun.com  and we'll help you.


Independence Day weekend treat is a WATBlog panel on  Digital Commerce – Opportunities & Challenges

WATBlog panel

Panelists: Gautam Balijepalli, Principal – Ojas Ventures, Sarayu Srinivasan, Director – Intel Capital, Mukesh Bansal, Founder and CEO -  Myntra.com The panel is being held as part of the Eximius Entrepreneurship Summit at IIM Bangalore.

Please join us for this free webinar where you'll learn about a high performance, reliable AMP stack to run your web applications.
Please register here. Specifically, this webinar will focus on how the Sun GlassFish Web Stack can:
  • Provide a low cost enterprise-grade support for popular open source applications such as Apache Web Server, Apache Tomcat, PHP and lighttpd among others
  • Run web applications at a high volume and scale
  • Easily manage updates and security patches to your AMP deployments
  • Monitor and manage your AMP components

Date:     8/11/09
Time:    9:00 am PDT / 12:00 pm EDT / 5:00 pm UK / 6:00 pm CEST / 9:30 pm India (New Delhi) (check my timezone)
                Speakers: Murthy Chintalapati, Engineering Lead, Web Tier Product Line, and Jyri J. Virkki, Chief Architect, OpenSolaris Web Stack, and Sun GlassFish Web Stack

The presentation will be followed by your chance to ask specific questions on how the AMP stack fits into your overall strategy. We hope to see you at the live event! If you can't make the live event, sign up anyway and you will receive a link to the replay after the event.

As a lead performance engineer with wide exposure to multiple applications in various industry domains, and working on Solaris10 platform for years. I believe, SolarisTM DTrace is one of the coolest innovations that could have ever happened in the Operating System world. DTrace was designed and implemented at Sun Microsystems by Bryan Cantrill, Adam Leventhal and Mike Shapiro.

DTrace is a comprehensive dynamic tracing framework created for troubleshooting kernel and application problems on production systems in real time. DTrace was developed for Solaris and released under the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL). Other OS communities, after realizing the high potential and worthiness, have initiated projects to make DTrace available on respective operating systems.

DTrace can be used to get a global overview of a running system, such as the amount of memory, CPU time, filesystem and network resources used by the active processes. It can also provide much more fine-grained information, such as a log of the arguments with which a specific function is being called, or a list of the processes accessing a specific file. DTrace is Programmable, Flexible, Robust, Safe and Easy-to-Learn-and-Use. Possibilities are Endless !

My Presentation: SolarisTM DTrace-Simplified.pdf

Proto.in logo protodotinfacebook developer garage pune 2009 july

Pune appears to be the hottest,hippest, up & coming "startup capital'" of India. While Mumbai & Bangalore still  hold their own with the highest number of commercially successful IT companies & startups Pune seems to be vying for the top spot too. Pune has everything that it takes to create a vibrant environment for starting new companies. The city's ICT story basically has a track record of having lots of  product companies, VC/Angel money/presence & interests, very very active & vocal youth with lots of opportunities for reearch & development work across several fields. I've personally experienced & witnessed very good & fairly mature participation from the Pune developer community across multiple events & interactions. Its therefore no surprise that its the next destination outside of Bangalore or Chennai to have its own Proto.in followed by the Facebook Developer Garage with Ruchi Sanghvi presenting to about 80 odd folks (RSVP numbers so far).Mark your calendars - its happening on 25th July.


Informate headstart 2009, summer edition - This startup born from Cross-Tab has built a comprehensive metering tool for mobile devices to track real-time consumer behavior on mobile devices & capture the data derive intelligence for their clients to target various segments of users effectively for various reasons.The Informate meter provides actual mobile usage data on a regular basisThe Informate report presents insights and competitive information enabling their clients to plan competitive strategies. The technology that they've come up could prove highly marketable if they strategize to be more product than service oriented. So far they are thinking market research services & surveys rather than see the fantastic opportunity that their mobile app could open up for them if they were to productize & sell it than use it to provide market data. This one was rather cool !

160 by 2 headstart 2009 summer edition- They provide free SMS services to their subscribers & also have a mobile application to do this. We did perceive them to be one more among the many already existing in the market but their technology, geographic spread & 4 million user base did catch lots of eyeballs.In 2008, they were on Deloitte's list of top 50 fastest growing technology companies in India. Incredible achievements given they are approximately 2 years old. They also appear to clock super high response times like under 3 seconds where user experience with other providers of similar services has shown that sometimes the message never gets sent or the delay is as long as 7 hours! Good stuff this.

nautanki.tv headstart 2009 summer edition - Online stream TV with 24+ channels & quick successes in a short while define Nautanki's claim to fame. Founded in 2006 here's what they say "Nautanki.tv brings together a large selection of videos from more than 100 content providers, including Fashion TV, Zoom, BollywoodHungama, Channel V, and more. Users can choose from more than 300 current primetime TV hits which have been reformatted to suit the internet and mobile viewing experience. The TV users can create their dedicated channels and choose their own schedules to present an online version of their shows. Content creators and film makers can choose to participate in any of the Nautanki.tv owned channels and gain access to the growing number of users and audience across the world. The content creators get paid a share of the revenue generated via advertising on their content." They have widgets of their application available to embed/link of off user websites that has a full selection of the channels available with them.


headstart 2009 summer editionwas not really comparable to what we saw in the Headstart 2009 January event from the perspective of scale, the discussions & the number & kinds of participating startups. However, the event did serve as a reasonable dipstick to find out about the latest in the startup space and a sort of in on a reasonably new part of the startup geography in India, Mumbai. While, Mumbai is a commercial capital & is home to some of the best technology companies in India like Indiagames, Directi & iFlex, the turnout at the event appeared to be an inadequate & rather non-representative sampling of this market.

The seed stage session started an hour late & didn't prove to be as engaging & impressive as the subsequent early & late stage sessions and panels.I guess there were really a combination of factors like a late start, a missing panelist & almost no time for an engaging & fruitful discussion to happen.We did see a couple of compelling startups that potentially have the technology & first-mover advantage in India, if & only if they get their revenue model, scaling & positioning right.

vericar startup headstart 2009 summer edition a seed stage startup based out of Mumbai, truly has a chance to crack the Indian market as the only used car appraisal company in India. In that sense they do have a strong edge as a first mover. While they started out as a volume business, they are now running into issues of establishing themselves as a value added service for a used car buyers' market. The resonating opinion around the room from VCs/other startups & myself was that these certification & appraisal services typically scale well & help vendors establish credibility more quickly if positioned & tied up with sellers. Anyway, VeriCar I suppose will learn along the way & they appear to have strong preference to position their services in a buyers' market. There was some good input for them from the panel & a very learned audience. Anyway, the scope of this market is significantly out of my league to evince further comment.

Zopte website factory headstart 2009 summer edition another seed stage startup out of Mumbai, attracted a lot of attention because it came across as a technology that would aid extremely easy building of websites. Their demo conveyed the ease of use but what we saw & their own positioning of their application alongside the LAMP, J2EE, Joomla or Drupal, left us sort of unconvinced. There is apparently no stack that get created in the backend, they don't appear to provision a database in the backend  & yet appear to provide CMS capabilities but again position themselves as a website factory. They don't want to consider open-sourcing their application, they don't call it a tool where most folks confused them with IDE type capabilities. Its a desktop application deployed on the browser but positioned as a web-application - is this by virtue of deploying on the browser or by virtue of truly providing it as a hosted service available over the internet ? Still confused & seeing if I can figure them out. If they truly come out comparable to a stack or platform like a Drupal - then they're indeed ahead of the game & could easily drive a lot of developers to adopt their tool again if only they could clarify their product better. One of the panelists recommended they evolve themselves as a web IDE for OpenSocial app developers.  Good idea I would still ask them to see Zembly !

Read more in my next post about a few other participating startups all 3 with a compelling product & a reasonable revenue model that appears to work so far. You can go look 'em up while I wrap up part 2/2.

Informate headstart 2009, summer edition 160 by 2 headstart 2009 summer edition

A 100+ startups, a whole lot of techies, 31 odd investors, so many presentations from startups and most of all being able to meet & talk to so many of the up & coming companies, what a day ! I've attended Startup City in the same venue last year, it was evident that this edition was a 10 fold leap over the previous one.

It was a revelation for us to see the size of the gathering.Just as we were expressing our disappointment over the last startup event we went to & thought there was a lull in the market, this event comes along and shatters that view point. Now, we always knew that there was a whole lot of startup activity happening in India but most of these companies operate in stealth and hardly ever surface up at events. I guess this was one of those events where even the moles decided surface & show themselves.  The event was a good roundup exercise of the startup scene in Bangalore to startup fiends like us who are in constant search of something new & world class mushrooming around the corner. Of course, this was not all that the event offered, while Bakshish spoke about the Sun Startup Essentials program in India, Amazon strutted its stuff too with experts on EC2 & Kindle . We were satisfying the curiosity of a whole bunch of  enthusiastic attendees long after these talks were over.

These startups were looking for scaling support in the form of both technology & funding assistance via the program that Sun's offering. But here is a more detailed clarification on whats available to startups in India. Ofcourse, the SSE is a worldwide program with similar offerings and a lot of varied & custom promotions depending on geography.

If you are a startup in India & are not already clued into what SSE is all about here you go:

Sun Startup Essentials Program is Sun’s effort to help Startups get a Jumpstart in their new businesses. Its a fee -free program that offers deep discounts on industry leading, power efficient systems and storage products, massively scalable Web hosting services, plus free training and technical advice.

This program brings Sun’s superb products to startups at deep discounts to lower the acquisition cost and also brings free access to Sun Engineering team helping startups reduce the time to market for their offerings.

Sun’s new Startup Essentials Program key offerings are:

  * Award winning hardware from Sun at deeply discounted prices
  * Open Source Software
  * Discounted Web Hosting offering
  * Access to Sun Engineering team for help on technology related issues

With servers priced under $750 that let Startups  run their choice of OS (Solaris, Linux, or Windows), and Web hosting starting at $40/month, the program helps Startups  build their business on the kind of infrastructure that can scale right along with the skyrocketing demands of success

The qualifying criteria for the SSE program in India are

  * Less than 150 employees
  * Less than 6 years in business
  * Business Presence in India

Joining the Sun Startup Essentials program is FREE! Please login to http://in.sun.com/startup to check out more details.

Also have a look at the engineering assistance available to you as a partner on Sun's programs supported by Sun's ISV Engineering group.

The ISV Engineering team at Sun forges strategic engagements with SSE program members with the hope of scoring mutual market place successes in the future and expanding the Sun technology footprint.
As an SSE member you can avail support from the Sun ISV engineering experts  for building high performing scalable applications using Sun's technologies.

Here's a list of services the team offers program members:
- Enablement on Sun's latest & most relevant technologies by way of webinars, tech talks and hands-on workshops
- Technical evaluation & support for prototyping & developing applications by providing input for technology decision making
- Email/Phone support for development queries on Sun's technologies
- Engage in bi-weekly architecture discussions/reviews with program members for evaluating technology choice and scalability of applications
- Remote Labs for partners for proof-of-concept activities & scaling/performance tuning/benchmarking exercises with support from Sun's engineers

- Technical collateral including case-studies, success stories & partner showcase via various online media like blogs, media portals, events etc.

To know more about our technical offering & interact with our engineering team send your request via AskSun on the SSE website or by sending us email on ISVSupport-AT-Sun-DOT-COM .


Date: 31 May - 3 June, 2009
Venue: Berjaya Times Square Hotel & Convention Center, Kuala Lumpur.


The post is to share my exposure to MSC Malaysia Open Source Conference (OSCONF) 2009 participation, and the opportunity to meet the numerous young enthusiastic minds of the open source community. I was tasked to present on OpenSolaris, Introduction to some of its advanced technologies and coolest features on the Hackathon Day Install Fest.

Speaker
Speaker

I had promised the audience to post my presentation slides and other references. I am happy to add those here for everyones benefit. Please drop me a comment through my blog or if you would like to network.

  • OpenSolaris Presentations
  •  My Personal Album Pictures
        Memories of Malaysia "Truly Asia"
  • The event was one of its kind with many open source evangelists from around the world. Organized by MSC Malaysia in cooperation with the Malaysian Administrative Modernization and Management Planning Unit (MAMPU). OSCONF was an International forum for sharing and exchanging ideas on technical advancements, applications, development and business cases on open source, and its positive impact in meeting challenges of the current economic climate.

    Four crucial stakeholders comprise of government, businesses, developers and community in envisioning open source's contribution to the IT industry and socio-economy environment.
    [ You can view the OpenSolaris presentation also at SlideShare.Net ]

    Set the dynamic-reload-interval in sun-web.xml -> class-loader element. Add the following line:

    <class-loader delegate="true/false/1/0/yes/no" dynamic-reload-interval="-1"/>

    Refer http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/819-2634/6n4tl5kp3?a=view#abxhy on attributes description for classloader.


    Bangalore boasts of about 800 startups with the numbers growing by leaps & bounds every month.Startup City is a SiliconIndia event that is organized annually & brings together VC investors, entrepreneurs & engineers from startups to showcase their products, strategy & business. The event offers live product demos, information of  cutting edge technologies and best-of-breed solutions.Its good place to explore the startup scene in Bangalore & network with the people behind these startups. Startup City is happening on June 6, 2009 at Nimhans Convention Centre in Bangalore.

    经历了不下十次以上的 configure make和make install,

    终于搞定了。 归咎起来还是Opensolaris上软件的缺乏和不完整性。

    之前一直用gcc编译,但一直会出现ld连接错误。

    安装步骤:


    1. Install Sun compilers by issuing the following command: pfexec pkg install ss-dev.  The tools are installed in /opt/SunStudioExpress.
    2. Prepare the user environment for MySQL by issuing the following commands:
      • groupadd mysql
      • useradd -g mysql mysql
    3. Become the mysql user with su mysql.
    4. Download the latest MySQL source from dev.mysql.com. I downloaded the compressed GNU TAR archive (tar.gz) version 5.1.29-rc from here.
    5. Extract the MySQL source code from the archive with the commands below.  The source code will be extracted to mysql-5.1.29-rc.
      • gunzip mysql-5.1.29-rc.tar.gz
      • tar xvf mysql-5.1.29-rc.tar
    6. Set the following environment variables:
      • export CC=/opt/SunStudioExpress/bin/cc
      • export CXX=/opt/SunStudioExpress/bin/CC
      • export CFLAGS="-xO3" #Change this to have your compiler variables
      • export CXXFLAGS="-xO3"
      • export PATH=$CC:$CXX:/usr/sfw/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:$PATH
    7. Create a sym link from gmake to make with cd /usr/sfw/bin ; ln -s gmake make
    8. cd to the source code directiory. In my case mysql-5.1.29-rc.
    9. Execute the following command at the prompt: ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql
      • The configure command allows you to control the configuration of the MySQL source distribution.  A full listing of the options to configure can be found here.  Prefix simply installs architecture-independent files in the location specified by prefix (everything is installed under /usr/local/mysql rather than the default of /usr/local).
    10. Execute the following command at the prompt: make
    11. Execute the following command at the prompt: make install
     At this point, under /usr/local/mysql/bin, you will see the mysql_install_db script, which will allow you to install MySQL.  After that, you can run mysqld_safe to start mysql.

    Overview

    There is ever-increasing demand on Web url hosting. Normally, IDC, stricktly speaking hosting site, will host dozens of  website on one single hardware with help of apache Virtual host or Tomcat Virtual Domain.  Actually, There are few limits of this implementation:

    user can't totally control the Apache environment.

    Apache as a single web application , works as an single failsure.

    people are sharing the same database

    With the coming of Brandz on OpenSolaris, each user on the machine has independent environment for himself. you may telnet to you own "machine", log into your favor of Linux/OpenSolaris.

    BrandZ is a framework that extends the Solaris Zones infrastructure to create Branded Zones, which are zones that contain non-native operating environments. The term "non-native" is intentionally vague, as the infrastructure allows for the creation of a wide range of operating environments.

    Each operating environment is provided by a brand that plugs into the BrandZ framework. A brand may be as simple as an environment with the standard Solaris utilities replaced by their GNU equivalents, or as complex as a complete Linux userspace.

    BrandZ extends the Zones infrastructure in user space:

    • A brand is an attribute of a zone, set at zone create time
    • Each brand provides its own installation routine, which allows us to install an arbitrary collection of software in the branded zone.
    • Each brand may provide pre/post-boot scripts that allows us to do any final boot-time setup or configuration.
    • The zoneadm and zonecfg tools can set and report a zone's brand type.

    BrandZ provides a set of interposition points in the kernel:

    • These points are found in the syscall path, process loading path, thread creation path, etc.
    • At each of these points, a brand may choose to supplement or replace the standard Solaris behavior.
    • These interposition points are only applied to processes in a branded zone
    • Fundamentally different brands may require new interposition points
    slides

    I have been talking to close to 4 startups a week over several weeks now.There is a whole bunch of intelligence that I've managed to gather from our conversations. I was not surprised to learn of the several issues they face but did find that the nature of the issues for 90% of these folks were almost the same or closely related. If we were to setup a community or a forum of sorts where all of these guys started their discussions in addition to providing any help we can, I guess each of them would have answers to all their problems. I've just picked the top 5 , most common technical problems startups have normally seek resolution with. So here goes:

    1. Indexing, scaling & good design of their MySQL DB.
    2. Infrastructure requirements specific to hardware for deployment at service provider for if my LAM-Ruby or LAM-PHP application that has a load of X number of users & Y number of transactions estimated for my ßeta launch.
    3. Ruby application scalability issues & going the JRuby way.
    4. Very few use a caching technology/a load balancing (even with Apache Proxy)/ connection pooling - they haven't considered it yet. Understandable but perhaps worth considering earlier on in development.
    5. Apache & MySQL database tuning & optimization

    There maybe more, so please feel free to comment & add to this list. I hope to provide a bunch of references & docs that I refer to for addressing some of the above.


    People can access file at

    http://blogs.sun.com/hiro/resource/publication/Kernel_comparison.pdf

     

    You are very welcomed to comment.

    不明白为什么两个系统如此的相似。似乎linux这个小弟,从soalris大哥这边学到了很多在SMP上运行的算法。

     

    摘要:同步概念在多线程和多进程编程中已经被诠释得很全面。同步方法对于用户应用程序来讲使用简单,无需过多考虑它们产生的原因(唯一的原因就是线程或进程并发)。但是内核中的同步处理就要复杂得多,开发者必须知道内核中任务得调度方式,才能有效的控制内核中的同步。所以本文就将结合内核任务调度,分析内核中的同步措施,并结合一个实例讲述内核中如何综合运用各种同步方法。

    并发,竞争与同步:

    并发,竞争和同步的概念,我们假定大家都有所了解,本文不再重申。我们讨论的重点放在什么情况会发生内核并发上?如何防止内核并发?有那些同步方法?以及这些方法的行为有何特点和如何使用它们?

    下面一段描述了上述几个概念之间的大致关系,这种关系在内核中同样适用。

    对于多线程程序的开发者来说,往往会利用多线程访问共享数据,避免繁琐的进程间通讯。但是多线程对共享数据的并发访问有可能产生竞争,使得数据处于不一致状态,所以需要一些同步方法来保护共享数据。多线程的并发执行是由于线程被抢占式的调度——一个线程在对共享数据访问期间(还未完成)被调度程序中断,将另一个线程投入运行——如果新被调度的线程也要对这个共享数据进行访问,就将产生竞争。为了避免竞争产生,需要使线程串行地访问共享数据 ,也就是说访问需要同步——在一方对数据访问结束后,另一方才能对同一数据进行访问。

    内核并发原因

    上述情况是用户空间并发产生的普遍原因,对于内核来说并发原因也大致类似,但是情况要更多样,也更复杂。

    对于单处理机器来说情况相对简单一些。在2.6版本内核之前,Linux内核是非抢占式的——在内核任务没有执行完之前不能被打断,这样的话,内核中程序并发执行的情况很少,准确地讲只有两种可能:

    一 :中断发生 ,因为中断执行是异步的,而且中断是在非抢占式内核中打断当前运行内核代码的唯一方法,所以中断显然是可以和其它内核代码并发执行的。因此如果中断操作和被中断的那内核代码都访问同样的内核数据,那么就会发生竞争。

    二 :睡眠和再调度, 处于进程上下文(下面会进行讲述)的内核任务可以睡眠(睡眠意味放弃处理器),这时调度程序会调度其它程序去执行(首先执行调度任务队列中的内核任务,然后执行软中断等,最后从运行队列中选择一个高优先级的用户进程运行)。显然这里也会造成内核并发访问,当睡眠的内核任务和新投入运行的内核任务访问同一共享数据时,就发生了竞争。请看参考资料 1

    2.6版本的内核变成了抢占式内核——内核可能在任何时刻抢占正在运行的内核代码。所以内核中发生并发执行的情况大大增加了。内核抢占成为了内核程序并发的又一种可能,所以在开发抢占式内核代码时需要时刻警惕抢占产生的竞争。

    单处理器上的并发是逻辑上的伪并发,事实上所谓并发的内核程序其实是交错地占用处理器。真正的并发执行程序,必须依靠对称多处理器。但无论是逻辑上的并发还是真正的并发,都会产生竞争,而且它们的处理也是相同的。但是对于对称多处理器来说,由于两个或多个处理器可以在同一时刻执行代码,所以会不可避免地给内核带来并发可能,如果分别在不同处理器上执行的内核代码同时访问同一共享数据,竞争就产生了。因此,不用说对称多处理是内核并发的又一种可能。 请看参考资料2

    可以看到随着Linux内核不断演化,在内核对系统支持更加全面,对任务调度更加高效的同时,也给内核带来了更多的并发可能,更容易引起竞争。上面提到的各种并发情况在内核中都必须得到有效的处理,才能确保内核有高稳定性。

    无论是中断产生的并发或是睡眠引起的并发,还是内核抢占引起的并发,要想在内核开发中很好地避免,就必须从本质上了解它们的并发原因。只有在掌握内核任务的调度机制后,才可以真正的达到对并发可能的预测,进而能够采取合适的同步方法——锁——来避免并发。

    下面我们就对任务调度进行讨论。对比并发产生的条件,分析内核中的调度发生的条件。

    内核中的任务调度:

    我们这里所说的任务调度不同于常说的进程调度。进程调度是:内核中的调度程序在进程运行队列中选择合适的(优先级高的)进程执行。而我们所说的内核任务调度指的是,内核中的任务获得执行机会。对于内核并发来说,内核任务之间的关系尤为重要。

    首先我们来看看内核有那些任务,各有什么特点。

    内核任务种类

    硬中断操作:

    硬中断是指那些由处理器以外的外设产生的中断,这些中断被处理器接收后交给内核中的中断处理程序处理。要注意的是:第一,硬中断是异步产生的,中断发生后立刻得到处理,也就是说中断操作可以抢占内核中正在运行的代码。这点非常重要。第二,中断操作是发生在中断上下文中的(所谓中断上下文指的是和任何进程无关的上下文环境)。中断上下文中,不可以使用进程相关的资源,也不能够进行调度。请看参考资料2

     

    软中断操作:

    软中断是Linux中为了执行一些硬中断操作来不及完成的任务而采取的推后执行机制。因为硬中断操作期间的中断会被抛弃,所以硬中断是在不安全时间运行的。不安全时间应该尽量短,所以采用软中断来执行大部分任务,它会把硬中断做不完的耗时任务推后到安全时间执行(软中断期间不会丢弃中断信号)。

    软中断不象硬中断那样时随时都能够被执行,笼统来讲软中断会在内核处理任务处理完毕后返回用户级程序前得到处理机会。具体的讲有三个时刻它将被执行(do_softirq()):硬件中断操作完成后;内核调度程序中;系统调用返回时,(另外的内核线程ksoftirqd周期执行软中断)。需要说明的是软中断的执行也处于中断上下文中,所以中断上下文对它的限制是和硬中断一样的。

    Tasklet 和bottom half

     Tasklet和bottom half都是建立在软中断之上的两种延迟机制,其中具体不同在于软中断是静态分配的,而且同类软中断可以并发地在几个CPU上运行;Tasklet可以动态分配,并且不同种类的Tasklets可以并发地在几个CPU上运行,但同类的tasklets 不可以;bottom half只能静态分配,实质上下半部分是一个不能与其它下半部分并发执行的高优先级tasklet,即使它们类型不同,而且在不同CPU上运行。

    系统调用

       系统调用是用户程序通过门机制来进入内核执行的内核例程,它运行在内核态,处于进程上下文中(进程上下文包括进程的堆栈等等环境),所以系统的调用代码可以对进程相关数据进行访问,可以执行调度程序,也可以睡眠。

    内核任务之间并发关系

    上述内核任务很多情况是可以交错执行的,所以很有可能产生竞争(都要访问同一个数据结构时,就产生了竞争)。下面分析这些内核任务之间有那些可能的并发行为。

    可以抽象出,程序(用户态和内核态一样)并发执行的总原因无非是正在运行中得程序被其它程序抢占,所以我们必须看看内核任务之间的抢占关系:

    中断处理程序可以抢占内核中的所有程序(当没有锁保护时),包括软中断,tasklet,bottom half和系统的调用,甚至也包括中断处理程序。也就是说中断处理程序可以和这些所有的内核任务并发执行,如果被抢占的程序和中断处理程序都要访问同一个资源,就产生了竞争。

    软件中断可以抢占硬中断处理程序以外的内核程序,所以内核代码(比如,系统调用)中有数据和软中断共享,就有会有竞争。此外要注意的是,软中断即使是同种类型的也可以并发的运行在不同处理器上,所以它们之间共享数据都会产生竞争。(如果在用一个处理器上软中断是不能相互抢占的)。

    同类的tasklet不可能同时运行,所以对于同类tasklet不会产生并发;但两个不同种类的tasklet有可已在不同处理器上并发运行,如果之间有数据共享就会产生竞争(同类的tasklet在同一个处理器上运行的tasklet不发生相互抢占的情况)。

    Bottom half 无论是否是同类的,即使在不同处理器上也都不能并发执行,它是绝对串行化的,所以它们之间永远不能产生竞争。

    注意:tasklet和bottom half是建立在软中断之上的,所以它们也都遵从软中断的调度规则——都可以打断进程上下问中的内核代码(系统调用),都可被硬中断打断——这些都可能产生并发。

    系统调用这种内核代码可能和各种内核代码并发,除了上面提到的中断(软,硬)抢占它产生并发外,它是有可能自发性地主动睡眠(比如在一些阻塞性的操作中),放弃处理器,重新调度其它任务,所以系统调用中并发情况更普遍,尤其当用户空间需要和内核空间共同操作全局数据时,一定要注意保护。

     

    内核同步方法

    为了避免并发,防止竞争。内核提供了一组同步方法来提供对共享数据的保护。 我们的重点不是介绍这些方法的详细用法,而是强调为什么使用这些方法和它们之间的差别。

    Linux使用的同步机制可以说从2.0到2.6以来不断发展完善。从最初的原子操作,到后来的信号量,从大内核锁到今天的自旋锁。这些同步机制的发展伴随Linux从单处理器到对称多处理器的过度;伴随着从非抢占内核到抢占内核的过度。锁机制越来越有效,也越来越复杂。

    目前来说内核中原子操作多用来做计数使用,其它情况最常用的是两重锁以及它们的变种,一个是自旋锁,另一个是信号量。我们下来就着重介绍一下这两中锁机制。

    自旋锁

    自旋锁最多只能被一个可执行线程持有,如果一个执行线程试图请求一个已被争用(已经被持有)的自旋锁,那么这个线程就会一直进行忙循环——旋转——等待锁重新可用。要是锁未被争用,请求它的执行线程便能立刻得到它并且继续进行。自旋锁可以在任何时刻防止多于一个的执行线程同时进入临界区。

    事实上,自旋锁的初衷就是:在短期间内进行轻量级的锁定。一个被争用的自旋锁使得请求它的线程在等待锁重新可用期间进行自旋(特别浪费处理器时间),所以自旋锁不应该被持有时间过长。如果需要长时间锁定,最好使用信号量。

    自旋锁的基本形式如下:

    spin_lock(&mr_lock);

    spin_unlock(&mr_lock);

    因为自旋锁在同一时刻只能被最多一个执行线程持有,所以一个时刻只有一个线程允许存在于临界区中。这点很好的满足了对称多处理机器需要的锁定服务。在单处理器上,自旋锁仅仅当作一个设置内核抢占的开关。如果内核抢占也不存在,那么自旋锁会在编译时被完全剔除出内核。

    自旋锁在内核中有许多变种,如对bottom half 而言,可以使用spin_lock_bh()用来获得特定锁并且关闭半底执行。相反的操作由spin_unlock_bh()来执行;如果临界区的访问逻辑可以被清晰的分为读和写这种模式,那么可以使用读者/写者自旋锁,调用形式为:

    读者的代码路径:

    read_lock(&mr_rwlock);

    read_unlock(&mr_rwlock);

    写者的代码路径:

    write_lock(&mr_rwlock);

    write_unlock(&mr_rwlock);

          简单的说,自旋锁在内核中主要用来防止多处理器中并发访问临界区,防止内核抢占造成的竞争。另外自旋锁不允许任务睡眠(持有自旋锁的任务睡眠会造成自死锁),它能够在中断上下文中使用。

    信号量

    Linux中的信号量是一种睡眠锁。如果有一个任务试图获得一个已被持有的信号量时,信号量会将其推入等待队列,然后让其睡眠。这时处理器获得自由去执行其它代码。当持有信号量的进程将信号量释放后,在等待队列中的一个任务将被唤醒,从而便可以获得这个信号量。

    信号量的睡眠特性,使得信号量适用于锁会被长时间持有的情况;只能在进程上下文中使用,因为中断上下文中是不能被调度的;另外当代码持有信号量时,不可以再持有自旋锁。

    信号量基本使用形式为:

    static DECLARE_MUTEX(mr_sem);//声明互斥信号量

    if(down_interruptible(&mr_sem))

    up(&mr_sem);

    同自旋锁一样,信号量在内核中也有许多变种,比如读者-写者信号量等,这里不再做介绍了。

     

     

    信号量和自旋锁区别

    虽然听起来两者之间使用条件复杂,其实在实际使用中信号量和自旋锁并不易混淆。注意以下原则。

    如果代码需要睡眠——这往往是发生在和用户空间同步时——使用信号量是唯一的选择。由于不受睡眠的限制,使用信号量通常来说更加简单一些。如果需要在自旋锁和信号量中作选择,应该取决于锁被持有的时间长短。理想情况是所有的锁都应该尽可能短的被持有,但是如果锁的持有时间较长的话,使用信号量是更好的选择。另外,信号量不同于自旋锁,它不会关闭内核抢占,所以持有自旋锁的代码可以被抢占。这意味者信号量不会对影响调度反应时间带来负面影响。 

    Sun Tech Days

    My must see, must hear, must do list at this Tech Days:





    1. Everything NetBeans 6.5

    2. Everything to know & learn about Zembly & SocialSite

    3. JRuby on Rails

    4. MySQL

    5. OpenSolaris &

    6. Of course the key notes & talks by the luminaries !





    Day 2 at Proto.in turned out to be a lot of fun. There were more startups that came on stage to showcase their applications/products. Some of them not in the computer software space. Here is a quick recap of what we saw & heard:


    NuAlgi  - They manufacture a biotechnology product to clean up sewage in water bodies like lakes. The powder stimulates growth of diatoms that release oxygen & clean up the water. They demo'ed their product with a live lake cleanup. It looks a promising idea that is low cost, eco-friendly & natural. They have patents pending for their product filed in 6 different countries!

    RemindDO - The fun way to get stuff done at office. ReminDO reminded us of typical issues with depoying new productivity tools at workplaces that usually never find wide adoption with employees. They also told us that most or all employees are very active on social networking sites that have virality around the, people adopt it easily. They've come up with a productivity software that combines social features for collaboration & networking. The application has a twitter type functionality, milestones tracking, dashboards for projects, calendar, messages, file saving, to-do lists etc along with standard features offered by social networking sites.

    OOha - They provide an infrastructure to browse the internet for free any time & anywhere. OOha started by telling us that have figured out their monetization aspects as well in providing internet access for free.This is by providing services through kiosks that serve personalized ads on digital media screens. They say that they don't believe in sustenance of direct ad revenue, they want to try out a scenario where they start tracking who's watching who's ads. Since their ads are displayed off of LCDs & not vinyl, there is also capabilities are building smarter & smarter ad engines based on where the kiosks are located. They would like to put up kiosks multiple locations - malls, hospitals.The company has already deployed 50 machines in Chennai. They are further enhancing their ad engine more intelligent ad displays based on time of day, time of year, seasons, content browsed etc.


    The other companies who presented were inkfuit!, Fachak & Taroby. You can read more about these startups on the WATBlog review.

    protodotin logo for proto.in



    Live blogging from the Proto.in event should be quite an experience. They've announced ipod shuffles for best blogger, twitterer & photographer ! I am not even planning to contend in that league. The sessions thus far have been running to a full house. The organizers are using an online tool for making notes & sharing them across users, it should be interesting to see the uptake of the tool, though, my guess is Twitter is a default. Theres nothing like several people live twittering at events and making the activity come alive for the world to see ! The morning session by Atul Chitnis was well attended. The audience appeared to have loads of fun through out the startup showcase session. The mood was upbeat & audience kept active thanks to Kiruba.

    The early sessions began with Startup Showcase. A bunch of startups have been selected to present their products at the event over 2 days.


    lifeMojo giving examples from the famous 2004 flick Supersize Me.
    Their startup concept was offerings that wouldn't allow you to get Supersized! Theres a bunch of folks that have presented since lifeMojo.


    Yoplr! helps to find that perfect holiday destination when you travel with kids & family. It basically accepts typical criteria such as  a holiday theme, companion(s), number of days, distance etc. & comes up with a list of ideal destinations !


    iFlapp makes all your applications portable on a USB drive. Their business proposition was that since most folks depend on specific tools in our professions like an Adobe Photoshop or AutoCAD or office productivity applications, they allow you to carry your applications
    on a USB stick !


    Indiakhelo provides an online platform that connects local talented player with nearby players who work, study and live around them. I think somewhere through their talk they mentioned they're going to be piloting with students.


    Noddler was the other startup that founds its beginnings in IIT Madras. Noddler provide solutions to make information on internet more accessible to everyone, the obvious choice was the mobile. They apparently have a voice-response platform that allows businesses to create voice-based portals.I need to further understand their platform to understand what goes on.


    Cut to Shotgun Startups: Sun Startup Essentials were the Innovation Track sponsors. We saw over 50 submissions for the track until 2 evenings ago. They selected about 10 ideas & we're awaiting to meetup with the chosen participants & see how best to support them.